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Medical Conditions & Resources

Varicella Medications

The varicella-zoster virus (often called chickenpox) causes a rash of fluid-filled blisters that result in extreme itching and can lead to scarring. The virus is highly contagious to anyone who has not previously had the disease or been vaccinated.

There are medications that can help reduce the symptoms of varicella and prevent complications. Without treatment, varicella can lead to complications such as the following:

  • Bacterial infections that strike the body’s bones, soft tissues, joints, skin, and bloodstream (which can lead to sepsis).
  • Pneumonia
  • Dehydration
  • Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
  • Rey’s syndrome in teens or young children who take aspirin when suffering from varicella.
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Death

Some children and adults are at special risk of the above complications if they contract chickenpox. These individuals are at risk of severe illness and hospitalization.

  • New-borns/infants
  • Adolescents
  • Pregnant women
  • Smokers
  • Individuals with weakened immune systems from cancer or HIV/AIDS
  • Asthma sufferers
  • Individuals taking steroids

Types of Medications & How They Work

Varicella is a virus so there is no cure. However, you can take medications to treat the many of the virus’s symptoms and prevent additional health problems from occurring.

  • Antivirals – Antiviral medications are designed to shorten the length of time you will suffer from the virus and also lower the risk of potential side effects. Acyclovir is a common antiviral drug that reduces the severity of varicella if taken within 24 hours of symptoms developing. Other antiviral drugs used to lessen the symptoms and severity of varicella include famciclovir or valacyclovir.
  • Vaccination – If you have been exposed to chickenpox, most physicians will suggest that you receive the varicella vaccination within three to five days of exposure. The vaccination often completely prevents infection or reduces the severity of the viral symptoms.
  • Anti-Itch Medications – The blistering rash caused by varicella can cause extreme itching which can lead to scarring. A cool bath that contains colloidal oatmeal, uncooked oatmeal, baking soda, or aluminium acetate can ease the itching. Calamine lotion applied directly to the rash can also ease itching and discomfort. Oral antihistamines such as diphenhydramine ease itching and inflammation from the rash.
  • Fever reducer – It is common to suffer from a fever with the varicella virus. Acetaminophen can help alleviate the fever. Avoid using ibuprofen without first consulting with your doctor because nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) can worsen the rash and lead to skin infections in some individuals. Also, avoid giving aspirin to children or teens because the medication can cause Reyes syndrome.
  • Immunoglobulin Injection – If you have been exposed to the varicella virus and are high risk such as undergoing chemotherapy, are elderly, have HIV, or are pregnant then your physician might give you an immunoglobulin injection to reduce the severity of the varicella virus.
  • Capsaicin Transdermal Patch – Neuropathic pain can often persist for months after the varicella virus rash clears up. Topical capsaicin provides a reduction in pain.

Side Effects

Antiviral medications can cause diarrhoea, cough, headache, nausea, and dizziness in some individuals. Topicals can lead to an allergic reaction and worsening of the rash. An immunoglobulin injection may cause flu-like symptoms such as muscle pain, fever, chills, nausea, fatigue, and vomiting. The varicella-zoster vaccination can cause a sore arm, fever, seizures, and infections of the brain or spinal cord.

Conclusion

The varicella virus was once a common childhood illness, but nowadays it has become rare due to vaccination programs in most countries. The virus is highly contagious to individuals who have not been vaccinated or previously had the virus.

Most sufferers only experience mild symptoms from the virus but some do have severe or life-threatening reactions and should seek immediate medical care. Individuals who are at high risk for severe illness should contact their physicians if they have been exposed to the varicella virus to obtain preventative medications.

 
 
 

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